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The nonverbal communication is that type of communication that does not use spoken language, and neither any substitute of it ( verbal codes for deaf, Morse code, etc). This type of communication is divided by professional authors, in :

2. The gesture – kinesthetic communication (by significant movement of the body parts, excepting those parts of the body that mean the verbal communication).

3. The communication with the help of the objects (color, order, size, distribution, movement, etc).

4. The artistically communication (the communication of the artistic emotion, beyond its own content).

The nonverbal communication has the following characteristics:

-         has a great credibility, beating the verbal communication.

-         It can expand into more areas of development / repertoires. So, those who are speaking they are accompanying the verbal communication with gestures but also those who read or look out the window they actually communicate, nonverbal.

-         It is almost totally uncontrolled and unstructured.

-         It is innate, a part of it was formed by acquisitions mostly evolutionary (example: through the imitation of gestures seen to the others).

The nonverbal messages may be in conflict with those of the verbal communication. The people tend to look at the right side of the face which is a wrong way if it is wanted an intense perceiving of emotions; most of the nonverbal messages are unconscious; the nonverbal channels are very important in the communicating of feeling and attitudes. ‘

The functions of nonverbal communication:

-         the nonverbal communication it is meant to highlight the verbal one;

-         the nonverbal communication can fill the message transmitted verbally.

-         the nonverbal communication may deliberately to contradict certain aspects of the verbal communication;

-         the nonverbal communication may regulate the flow of the communication and it can moderate the own dynamics of the verbalize communication;

-         the nonverbal communication repeats or updates the meaning of the verbal communication and is giving the receiver the possibility to understand and identify in real time the motion or affirmations.

-         The elements of the nonverbal communication can replace verbal aspects of the communication (e.g. through a gesture the teacher is indicating to the student to answer the question).

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-         intrapersonal communication

-         interpersonal communication

-         group communication

-         public communication

-         mass communication

Intrapersonal communication is that type of communication in which the transmitter and the receiver are the same person. It is that mysterious relationship where one person listens to their inner voice and dialogue with it. The individual wonders about things and also answer to them, analyze, reflect, take decisions, repeat in his mind the messages meant for others. In terms of training and personality development, the dialogue with himself is a therapeutic practice of intellectual and emotional kind: to put first the issues in relation with their own cognitive awareness means purification but also an emotional discharge.

Interpersonal communication (the teaching) is that communication in which the receiver and the transmitter are distinct persons. It respects the classical scheme of the communication process and is probably the most common form of the communication. It is important to note that in an interpersonal communication, the partners share a clearly defined relationship. The interpersonal communication provides the best highlight of the fundamental dimension of being a human: the need for the other. Thanks to it, we can know better the people around us and we can establish relations or we can make friends, we can exert our influence on others, and thru them we can know better ourselves.

Mass communication is determined by at least two features: the amplitude of the public receiver and the channels through which is achieved the communication. Regarding the communication channels, they must provide the open information to these considerable masses of people (journalism, television, radio, cinema, etc). They are generic identified through the term mass-media. The mass communication it remains an intentionality: we can not know the exact nature of the receiver, the finality of the communication, whether it achieved its purpose or not. The transmitted messages through the media, benefits of one delayed feedback, weak and incomplete, from the public. However, it is a form of the communication frequently used and also with a considerable impact.

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Couples during divorce, faces an extremely demanding task. They must be able to communicate and resolve their conflicts over the most important things in their lives – their children – with someone that they do not have any confidence, someone they are afraid of or someone they hate.

However, the parents need to cooperate and communicate with one other on the numerous issues related to children. Who will take children from school? When they go to the summer camp? How and when will participate in the meetings with parents? Who will go shopping for things they need at school?

Divorced parents are constantly faced with the need of taking decisions in the common daily activities related to children, and discuss about the values to educate children. There are no easy answers to such a serious task but they have guides on hand for the difficult negotiations structure and organization, which they are located in front of the divorced people.

The following list presents 10 of the basic principles for an effective communication:
1. Set a waved signal to end a conversation that could escalate into conflict. Do not continue argue when the other sends the signal to cease the conversation for 5 minutes.
2. Do not deviate from the issue that you are discussion. Do not bring to the surface earlier discussions and do not expand the current conflict on other issues.
3. Keep the conflict limits between you. Do not bring friends or family in question which would agree with you. For example, refrain yourself from saying: “Even my mother says…”.
4. Treat your ex-husband or your ex-wife with respect and refrain yourself from challenges. Do not cry, do not insult, and do not go for offending the other. Offending the other person will create nothing but problems.
5. Get involved physical and emotional into the discussion until the end of it. Do not leave the room to avoid conflict without announcing the other first. The withdrawal is often a manipulative strategy. If you choose to leave, before you do this, give the other person a chance to change the subject.  For example “I invoke the signal now and you don’t answer”. “If you do not stop the discussion now, I will leave”, etc.
6. You both determine which are the right moments for discussion. Do not negotiate under the influence of the alcohol or drugs.
7. Focus only on solving the problems. Do not try to intimidate your ex-wife or your ex-husband.
8. Listen carefully to other’s point. Do not pretend that you listen when in fact  you yell and formulate your own contradiction.
9. Discuss about specific behaviors without using pejorative labels.  For example: “You were 20 minutes late to take the kids from school”, this is more effective than saying: “ All the times you are late…”. Do not use generalizations like “you never”, “you always”.

10. Accept the responsibility for what you did wrong. Do not pass blame, hold the point of view of the ex-husband/wife and do not insist that your opinion is the only version of the truth.
Applying these rules, the couples that are in divorce will avoid the common pitfalls of the conflict negotiation. Of course, the success of these rules depends on the condition that both, husband and wife, to agree submitting to them as much as possible.

Between teacher and student can occur spontaneously some feelings of attraction or rejection, of sympathy or antipathy, acceptance or refusal, etc. The teacher looks for the entire class just as an information transmitter, concerned more over the reception of the transmitted messages and less than affective or emotional dimension of the life or the activities of the class. This condition, along with the feelings of rejection, dislike or refusal, sometimes manifested to some students, it is leading to bad pedagogical relations with negative implications on learning outcomes and overall school education.
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A special emphasis  should be placed on the development of moral and psychosocial competence. Moral competence is provided by elements that confer proper function of the teacher’s moral conduct: to know the values and moral norms of society, self-control ability on attitudes and its behavior in any situation, availability of skills and moral habits in accordance with the requirements of the social morality and the teaching ethics requirements, his set up as a spiritual and moral model.

Psychosocial competence involves the teacher ability to take a different role; the possibility to influence easily the people and the student groups, to have the ability to establish relationships with the people around him, sociability, the ability to use the power correctly and also the authority, the possibility to adopt fast different behavior types, etc.

The development of some positive social – affective relations between the teacher and students, based on feelings of sympathy, attraction and acceptance, allows the creation of a favorable psychosocial climate of an efficient cooperation between the participants of the training.

-         get to meet the children and their socio-cultural origin

-         pay attention to class dynamics

-         select and enrich the existing representations

-         start exploring, discovering what children already know

-         you need to communicate effectively to establish awareness of the tasks of teaching.

-         use dialogue; not convey information

-         practice the skill of interpretation and observation of behavior

-         find ways to stimulate the learning processes, differentiated and individualized

Often the teaching is a failure because it does not respond the needs, expectations and especially the children’s learning style. However, let’s do not forget to improve our teaching styles during the career through study and practice, by observing other colleagues, by presenting their own style supported by intelligent arguments in the methodical committees and educational circles, in educational partnerships. Without a continuous concern for the individual training or provided by authorized institutions and an interest of knowing the “new”, without active involvement in reform, you remain isolated in the routine and uninformed. The teacher is intended to teach the children to set a goal, then to find solutions to achieve. In the teaching activities, the teacher needs to know what representations have the children already to choose the strategy, to combine the new representations of the existing ones and form clear representation, precise, concise and exciting for new connections.

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So, we can highlight the following significant aspects from the communication: – the idea (what must be sent to the receptor); -  transmitter – receiver (the persons between the communication processes, occurs.; – word – understanding (the language used for the subjects to be in line with the content and with the importance of the idea.

The communication process – In the communication process the most important elements are: the emitter; the message or idea;  the means of communication;  the language of communication;  the receiver; the context; feedback

The emitter is the one that builds the message, initiates the communication choosing the right way to communicate and also the right message so that the receiver will understand the communicated message.

The message is the form in which the information is encoded by the transmitter; this form can be expressed as an idea, plan, order, decision, etc. The message scope is to bring the receiver in one of the states as knowledge, belief, impressed, development and the completion of an action.

Note: Between the transmitter and receiver, there may be some coding and decoding processes of the transmitted message by the transmitter and decoded by the receiver. The message may include verbal or nonverbal symbols, created in a text or a specific tone that may be liked or it may determine a specific threat. (the tone makes the music).

The means of the communication may appear as a communication channel (short or long) and is the message road map between the subjects of the communication.

The communication in this case may be: formally – when the hierarchical structure of the organization is respected; informally – when there are used some others connections in the message: ideas, opinions, rumors.

Note: The means of communication when there is a discussion from man to man, it can take the form of: official correspondence; meetings; telephone;  fax;  internet, etc.

The communication language. There are three types: verbal – the specific words of the common language; nonverbal – in which the words are replaced with the body language; paraverbal – using the tone, increasing the rate of the speech, etc.

The receiver is the subject of whom it is addressed the message. The context in which it is highlighted the place or the space in which the message is transmitted or received. Feedback is necessary to establish the perception degree, the message interpretation and the corrections what has to be made eventually.

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Interpersonal Communication – The relationship between people which takes “birth” in the dialogue of the two interlocutors is called the interpersonal communication. Within the company, this communication is dictated by the job duties and by the group objectives. When an individual transmits an idea, opinion or information to some other individual or to a group of individuals, there is an interpersonal communication.

The interpersonal communication represents that durable relationship in which one person listens to their inner voice and dialogues with it. Thus, the man himself advises, asking himself questions about his needs or his aspirations, facing his own moral conscience. By the way of the expression it can be identified several types of the communication:  oral communication, written and nonverbal.

The oral communication = the spoken transmission of the ideas or words: direct speech, discussion groups, teleconferencing. Depending on the number of the participants, we can make a distinction between the hypostasis of the person to person communication, group or from a person to a large audience, involving rules and call the help of different techniques:

The communication from person to person (interpersonal) – in which are implicated two individuals, it may have a different degree of the formalization.

The communications within the group – there are working groups and teams of which function is based on the structure and on the permanent or temporary runtime.

The communication in front of the public – the employee is often put in that kind of situations where he needs to speak in front of an audience, whether this consists people from the inside or from the outside of the organization .

The most common forms of the oral communication: -  monologue; – conference – classical conference; – exposure; – speech; – sermon; – appellation; -  dialogue; -  interview; -debate. The written communication includes reports, memoranda, letters, notes and other documents based on the written word. It has a greater accuracy than oral communication, having the advantage of keeping the information that might circulate.

The nonverbal communication – it is the transmission of thoughts or ideas without words. If there are used words too, it is transmitted more then just a simple meaning. The expression style, body language and space environment are the main forms of the nonverbal communication. The nonverbal communication has a great impact on the messages sending.

The nonverbal communication is in substance, an element of the psychology behavior. Another component of the same order with an important role in the interpersonal communication is perception. Through the different perceptions, the people select and organize the information in different ways which may or may not reflect the reality. The subconscious process of the neglect or avoidance of the information from the knowledge, that are not that familiar to us, or of the information that we don’t like, is called a selective perception.

Principles to increase the verbal communication efficiency:
- Every individual must be prepared for both role – transmitter and receiver – and transmitter has to: be careful with the message preparation, use a proper tones of the voice (an adequate flow is about 5 – 6 syllables per second with separation interval of 0.5 seconds between keywords), checking the meaning of the message; the receiver has to: know what he wants from the transmitter, to identify the relevant parts of the message and not forget them, to know the transmitter credibility.

- Any receiver must educate themselves in order to “listen actively” which means: creating a stat of mind that favor hearing, participation in discussion, focus on essentials and the intelligence listening in the sense of grating attention to the voice timbre pronunciation
- The friendly behavior. Usually when people coma in contact with others, they take a serious figure causing official a cold impression. They are reserved, secretive, in terms of discussion and that why is hard to communicate with them. The people who smile on the first date, they gate so friendly that the discussion unfolds by itself. The recipes of an efficient communication can be smile, friendly tone, listen closely, look into the eyes of the discussion partner, etc.

Dialogue is the planned and controlled discussion between two or more persons, which has a specific purpose: the transmission of information, solving problems, getting new information, etc.
The rules of an effective communication are: -  positive quidace of the communication (in pleasant facts, stimulative ones); – communication should be bilateral (allowing the messages exchange, asking questions); – the concordance between the verbal and gestures communication; – avoid ambiguities (uncertainties); – avoid overlapping messages; – create clear messages, concise (expressed with usual words and phrases)

Dialogues – Verbal communication forms: it can be achieved in several forms such as : occasionally short speech having a high emotional load with a simple structure – the events, impressions, feelings, wishes, congratulations; the toast which is a very short speech in the occasional form, emotional loaded; conference; debate; dissertation; the speech.

The teaching communication elements are:
-  issue of the teaching message by the teacher or of other information source, from a certain distance;
-  the channel through the message is transmitted
-  the message reception by students
-  the storage and its processing in to decision making (formulating responses by the student, corrections or additions by the teacher)

Types of communication – Depending on the interaction: -  interpersonal; – group; -  table; -  public or media; -  intra-subject. Depending of the type of code used: verbal (oral and written); paraverbal; nonverbal. Depending on the channel used: direct (immediate); media (when intermediate channels are used such as books, television, radio, phone, internet, cameras, etc).

The teaching communication has several characteristics which makes it to differ by other form of interpersonal communications: – takes place between two or more agents: teachers and students, with the common purpose of their training, using an oral communication, written, nonverbal, etc. -  educational message is designed, selected, organized and logically structured by the teacher, based on specific educational objectives set out in school programs. -  the teaching style of communication is determined by the teaching concept of the teacher.

The rules of an effective communication are: – you have to listen, to keep account of the views and of the others interests;- you have to observe, to be interested in what happens in the communication situation and to understand the state of receptors; – you have to analyze and know the receptor situation; – you have to express yourself, to expose your views and feelings near the communication subject; – you have to control, to follow the quality and effectiveness of communication.

To be effective, the teaching communication must have certain characteristics:
1. The teacher: clear messages; precision;the use of an appropriate and accessible speech; use the right form of the speech; to have an logical structure in the all messages sent; an interesting presentation of the training content; creating an appropriate communication
2. Of the students: to have the capacity to concentrate ( in order to receive and understand the messages); to have prior knowledge to learn whatever is next; To be motivated to learn; To know the language used (by teacher or computer)

The body language prints also an atmosphere note in which the interaction has its place. An individual with smiling mimics, dynamic, induces a state of good as opposed to an apathetic individual, lacking tone and dowdy. The nonverbal behavior base is the mimics, gestures and body movements. I will try to explain the nonverbal language of eyes expression because it occupies a very important role in human relationships, consciously or unconsciously.

Eyes: There was that saying when they say that eyes are the window of the soul and is certainly very true; the shape, brightness, color and of course their movement reveals a lot of information about that person. One of the most important features of the eyes is its shining. This feature is unique to each person is because the interaction between light and tears from the eye surface. The bright characterizes a smart and lively person while the dull eyes show not only fatigues and discouragement, but also a spiritual collapse. The eyes send messages related to moods. The look may be mild, soft, hard and friendly.

The studied elements of the nonverbal communication about eyes are the opening grade, eyelid movement, pupil and eye. The opening grade varies form the staring view until the eyelids closed. The bulging eyes are coupled with horizontal fold which is expressing surprise, fear, curiosity, extreme, tense, helpless, inability to understand a thing, etc.

The wide open eyes signify the spiritual creativity and innocence; the open eyes reflect a state of interest. The half-open eyes are expressing the fatigue, nervous tension, a reduced involvement in what is around them, boredom. This show indifference, inertia, resignation, the fact that the discussion partners “does not deserve any look”, etc.

The tight closed eyes signify the spiritual concentration on external stimulus or an idea. The closing of one eye it is a friendly gesture, collusion which means cunning, prudence, skill, art; it is being used by the one who wants to be important. The relaxed eyes closing is the natural consequence of  the desire to meditate, to listen to something or enjoy something but in the same time it can also mean the refusing to see and from here comes the “to overlook”.

Eyelid movement is involuntary and it is used to remove some kind of a foreign object of the eyes. Lombroso noticed that to the innate criminals the central area of the upper eyelid is often lowered giving a sleepy air.  When the whole eyelid is much lowered generating the known appearance as the “the eyes of scimitar”, it show, as expected, lechery, seduction concern, etc. The pupil reacts to light radiation and to the depth image; it narrows when we look in the distance at an object and when the light is strong. Communication is the most important thing.

Communication is carried out on three levels: logic; para verbal; nonverbal. Language is the code by which information is transmitted, is the communication tool. The language goes in the first category; it is the communication code, is the connecting link between the information you send, transmitter and the one who receives the information, the receiver. The language determines the communication form. There are three kinds: written language, verbal speech and nonverbal speech.

If we talk about the group we observe that although society where we belong is a group. Group means rules, reputation, goal, team work, etc. Directions are determined by the communication. As long as there is a good communication there it is also maximum efficiency, but if it is missing it can lead to dissension or even worse.

Operation of a larger group is based on the network that connects its various parts and assures consistency. The nuance inserted by Blumer might even surprise: “A network or an institution does not work automatically because of an interior dynamic or of a requirements system: It works because the people at different points do something, and what they do is the result of defining the situation in which are called to act”.

The art of communication is a natural process or a skill that we have got trough birth. We learn to communicate. Therefore we need to study and so we can use our knowledge more effectively. Any communication involves creation and exchange of meanings. These meanings are represented by “signs” and “codes”. It seems that people have a real need to “read” the meanings of all the human actions.

Observing and understanding this process it may make us be more aware about what happens when we communicate. It is another reading of the communication and its significance related to the date of these social processes, such as preserving the identity and cohesion, the vital function exercise of social integration, maintenance and consolidation of common psychological humus.

In none of this major hypothesis, the society (human community) can not exist without communication: not in the acquisition of common experiences (involving dialogue), or in the transmission of cultural dowry, not in building of the agreement on some issues and untying; communication means much more than the exchange and dissemination of information, the communication creates and maintains the society.